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Preheat oven to 350°F. Grease the bottom only of an 8- X 4-inch or 9- X 5-inch loaf pan.
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Stir together peanut butter chips and 1 teaspoon flour in a small bowl to coat the chips with flour.
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Whisk together remaining flour, cocoa, baking powder, baking soda, and salt in a medium bowl.
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Beat sugar and butter in a large bowl until light and fluffy, about 3 minutes.
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Add eggs and beat to combine. Add buttermilk and vanilla and beat until smooth.
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Stir in the flour mixture until just moistened. Stir in peanut butter chips.
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Pour into prepared loaf pan and spread out evenly.
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Bake for 55 to 60 minutes or until a toothpick or cake tester inserted in the center comes out clean.
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Cool bread in the pan for 15 minutes.
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Run a knife along the sides to loosen bread from the pan. Remove bread from the pan and cool completely on a wire rack.